to grow dry

sĕresco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [serenus], to grow dry:

vestes serescunt (opp. uvescunt),

Lucr. 1, 306.

sĕresco, ĕre, v. inch. n. [serum], to turn to whey:

lac frigore serescit,

Plin. 11, 41, 96, § 238.

pando, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [for spando; root spa-; Sanscr. spha-, spread, grow; Gr. spaô; cf. spatium].

Act., to bend, bow, curve any thing (cf.:

flecto, curvo): pandant enim posteriora,

Quint. 11, 3, 122:

manus leviter pandata,

id. 11, 3, 100. —

Mid., to bend itself, to bend:

in inferiora pandantur,

Plin. 16, 42, 81, § 223; 16, 39, 74, § 189; 16, 40, 79, § 219:

apes sarcinā pandatae,

id. 11, 10, 10, § 21:

firmiora juga sunt alliganda, ut rigorem habeant nec pandentur onere fructuum,

Col. 4, 16 fin. —

Neutr., to bend itself, to bend:

ulmus et fraxinus celeriter pandant,

Vitr. 2, 9; 6, 11.

pando pandi (acc. to Prisc. p. 891 P.), passum, and less freq. pansum (v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 567 sq.), 3, v. a., to spread out, extend; to unfold, expand [from the root pat of pateo, cf. petannumi, q. v.] (syn.: explano, explico, extendo).

Lit.:

pandere palmas Ante deum delubra,

Lucr. 5, 1200; so,

ad solem pennas,

Verg. G. 1, 398:

retia,

Plin. 9, 8, 9, § 29:

telas in parietibus latissime,

id. 29, 4, 27, § 87: aciem, to extend, deploy, = explicare, Tac. H. 2, 25; 4, 33:

rupem ferro,

i. e. to split, Liv. 21, 37:

utere velis, Totos pande sinus,

Juv. 1, 150.—

With se or pass., to spread one's self, stretch, open out, extend, etc.:

immensa panditur planities,

Liv. 32, 4:

dum se cornua latius pandunt,

id. 2, 31:

rosa sese pandit in calices,

Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 14:

ubi mare coepit in latitudinem pandi,

id. 6, 13, 15, § 38:

si panditur ultra (gremium),

i. e. is not yet full, Juv. 14, 327.—

In partic., in econom. lang., to spread out to dry, to dry fruits:

ficos pandere,

Col. 2, 22, 3:

uvas in sole,

id. 12, 39, 1.—

Transf.

To throw open, to open any thing by extending it (mostly poet.;

syn.: patefacio, aperio, recludo): pandite atque aperite propere januam hanc Orci,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 1:

pandite, sulti', genas (i. e. palpebras), Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. genas, p. 94 Müll. (Ann. v. 521 Vahl.): dividimus muros et moenia pandimus urbis,

Verg. A. 2, 234:

(Cerberus) tria guttura pandens,

id. ib. 6, 421:

limina,

id. ib. 6, 525: agros pingues, to lay open, i. e. to plough up, till, Lucr. 5, 1248:

piceae tantum taxique nocentes Interdum aut hederae pandunt vestigia nigrae,

disclose, Verg. G. 2, 257:

torridam incendio rupem ferro pandunt,

lay open, split, Liv. 21, 37, 3:

pandite nunc Helicona, deae,

Verg. A. 7, 641; 10, 1.—

Mid., to open itself, to open: panduntur inter ordines [p. 1297] viae, Liv. 10, 41:

cum caudā omnis jam panditur Hydra,

i. e. displays itself, Cic. Arat. 449.—

Trop.

To spread, extend; and with se, to spread or extend itself:

cum tempora se veris florentia pandunt,

Lucr. 6, 359:

illa divina (bona) longe lateque se pandunt caelumque contingunt,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 27, 76:

quaerebam utrum panderem vela orationis,

id. ib. 4, 5, 9:

umbriferos ubi pandit Tabrica saltus,

Juv. 10, 194. —Mid.:

ab aquilone pandetur malum super omnes,

Vulg. Jer. 1, 14; see also under P. a. B.—

To open:

viam alicui ad dominationem,

Liv. 4, 15:

viam fugae,

id. 10, 5.—

In partic., to unfold in speaking, to make known, publish, relate, explain (mostly poet.):

omnem rerum naturam dictis,

Lucr. 5, 54:

primordia rerum,

id. 1, 55:

res altā terrā et caligine mersas,

Verg. A. 6, 267; 3, 252; 3, 479:

nomen,

Ov. M. 4, 679:

fata,

Luc. 6, 590:

Hesiodus agricolis praecepta pandere orsus,

Plin. H. N. 14, 1, 1, § 3.—Hence,

pansus, a, um, P. a., spread out, outspread, outstretched, extended (rare and mostly post-Aug.):

manibus et pedibus pansis,

Vitr. 3, 1:

suppliciter pansis ad numina palmis, Germ. Arat. 68: sago porrectius panso,

Amm. 29, 5, 48:

pansis in altum bracchiis,

Prud. Cath. 12, 170: panso currere carbaso, id. adv. Symm. praef. 1, 48.—

passus, a, um (cf.:

ab eo, quod est pando passum veteres dixerunt, non pansum, etc.,

Gell. 15, 15, 1), P. a., outspread, outstretched, extended, open.

Lit.:

velo passo pervenire,

under full sail, Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 45; so,

velis passis pervehi,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 119:

passis late palmis,

Caes. B. C. 3, 98:

passis manibus,

Plin. 7, 17, 17, § 77; Gell. 15, 15, 3: crinis passus, and more freq. in plur., crines passi, loose, dishevelled hair:

capillus passus,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 56; Caes. B. G. 1. 51; 7, 48; Liv. 1, 13; Verg. A. 1, 480 et saep.—Hence, verba passa, loose, relaxed, i. e. prose, App. Flor. 2, 15, p. 352, 1.—

Transf.

Spread out to dry (v. supra, I. 2.); hence, dried, dry:

uvae,

i. e. raisins, Col. 12, 39, 4; Front. Ep. ad M. Caes. 4, 4 Mai; Vulg. Num. 6, 4; so,

acini,

Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16:

racemi,

Verg. G. 4, 269:

rapa,

Plin. 18, 13, 34, § 127:

uva passa pendilis,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 99:

lac passum,

boiled milk, Ov. M. 14, 274.—Hence,

Transf.: rugosi passique senes, dried up, withered, Lucil. ap. Non. 12, 5 (Sat. 19, 11).— Hence, subst.: passum, i, n. (sc. vinum), wine made from dried grapes, raisin-wine: passum nominabant, si in vindemiā uvam diutius coctam legerent, eamque passi essent in sole aduri, Varr. ap. Non. 551, 27; Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 51:

passo psythia utilior,

Verg. G. 2, 93; Juv. 14, 271; cf. Col. 12, 39, 1; Plin. 14, 9, 11, § 81; Pall. 11, 19, 1:

passum quo ex sicciore uva est, eo valentius est,

Cels. 2, 18.—

Trop.: verba passa, prose (post-class.), App. Flor. p. 352, 1.

* * *

dūro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [durus], to make hard, to harden (mostly ante-class. and post-Aug.; not in Cic.).

Lit.

Act.:

quae nobis durata ac spissa videntur, Haec, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 444; so in the part. perf.:

coria (with condurare ferrum),

id. 6, 970; cf.

cutis,

Ov. M. 4, 577:

caementa calce (opp. interlita luto),

Liv. 21, 11:

ova in aqua,

Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 45:

pontus frigore,

Ov. P. 4, 9, 85:

nives solo,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 39:

aqua salibus,

i. e. strongly saturated, Col. 7, 4 fin., v. durus, I.:

ungulas (mularum),

id. 6, 37, 11:

ferrum ictibus,

Plin. 34, 15, 43, § 149:

guttas in grana,

id. 12, 19, 42, § 94:

uvam fumo,

i. e. to dry, preserve, Hor. S. 2, 4, 72.—In medic. lang.: corpus, i. e. to bind, make costive, opp. mollire, Cels. 2, 14; cf. id. 2, 33 fin. —In fullers' lang., to harden, stiffen or full cloth: Art. Non queo durare. Par. Si non didicisti fulloniam, non mirandumst, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 57 (with a punning reference to the meaning II. A. 2.).—

Neutr.:

tum durare solum et discludere Nerea ponto Coeperit, i. q. durescere,

Verg. E. 6, 35; so,

vino minime durante, uva maxime,

Plin. 14, 3, 4, § 37.—

Trop.

(Acc. to durus, II. A. 2.).

Act., to harden with use or labor, etc.; to make hardy or callous, to inure (class.):

opere in duro membra manusque,

Lucr. 5, 1359; cf.:

membra animumque,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 119:

umeros ad vulnera,

Verg. G. 3, 257: hoc se labore durant homines adolescentes, * Caes. B. G. 6, 28, 3; cf.:

exercitum crebris expeditionibus, patientiaque periculorum,

Vell. 2, 78, 2:

cor,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 6; cf.

mentem,

Tac. A. 3, 15 al.:

ab duratis usu armorum pulsi,

Liv. 7, 29; so in the part., id. 23, 18; 30, 28:

durati bellis,

id. 42, 52:

vitia durantur,

grow inveterate, Quint. 1, 1, 37.—

Neutr. (so most freq.), to be hardened, inured to troubles, i. e. to be patient, to wait, persevere; to endure, hold out:

durare nequeo in aedibus,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 1; cf. id. Men. 5, 2, 31; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 15; Liv. 5, 2, 7; 38, 7 fin.; Quint. 11, 3, 23; Verg. A. 9, 604; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 82 al.; cf. impers., Liv. 10, 46:

durate et vosmet rebus servate secundis,

Verg. A. 1, 207; cf. Suet. Calig. 45; Auct. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 91; Ov. Am. 3, 11, 27 al.:

nequeo durare, quin, etc.,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 22:

durare nequeo quin intro eam,

id. Mil. 4, 6, 34; Suet. Claud. 26.—

With acc., to bear, endure ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

patior quemvis durare laborem,

Verg. A. 8, 577:

quascumque vias,

Stat. S. 5, 2, 153;

and of inanimate subjects: sine funibus Vix durare carinae Possunt imperiosius Aequor,

Hor. C. 1, 14, 7; cf.:

(vitis genus) quod siccitatem durat et ventos,

Pall. Febr. 9, 1.—

With inf.:

non quis parumper durare opperier,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 3, 5.—

In gen., to hold out, to continue in existence, to last, remain (very freq.): Ar. Ubi illaec (talenta) quae dedi ante? Cl. Abusa. Num si ea durarent mihi, [p. 621] etc., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 44:

uti quam diutissime durent oleae,

Cato R. R. 58; 104; Varr. R. R. 1, 59, 3:

omnem durare per aevom,

Lucr. 3, 605; cf. id. 3, 812; Verg. G. 2, 100; Suet. Calig. 6 al.:

neque post mortem durare videtur (corpus),

Lucr. 3, 339; cf. ib. 561:

ad posteros virtus durabit,

Quint. 3, 1, 21; cf. id. 1, 11, 18; 3, 1, 9; 5, 11, 41:

maneat quaeso duretque gentibus, si non amor nostri, at certe odium sui,

Tac. G. 33:

durante originis vi,

id. Agr. 11; cf. Petr. 96, 3:

durante bello,

Tac. A. 14, 39; so with adhuc, Suet. Gramm. 24; cf.:

munera, quibus donatus est, durant, ostendunturque adhuc Bais,

are still in existence, id. Tib. 6 et saep.—With inf.:

ut vivere durent,

Luc. 4, 519; so Sil. 10, 653; 11, 75; Petr. 41, 2.—In Tacitus sometimes of persons, for vivere, to live:

narratum ab iis, qui nostram ad juventam duraverunt,

Tac. A. 3, 16; id. Or. 17; id. Agr. 44. And once in the same author (acc. to the better reading) of extension in space: durant colles (= continuantur, ultra porriguntur; French, s'y prolongent), extend continuously to the frontier, Germ. 30.—

(Acc. to durus, II. B.)

Act., to render hard, callous, insensible; to dull, to blunt (rare and perh. not ante-Aug.):

aerea dehinc ferro (Juppiter) duravit saecula,

Hor. Epod. 16, 65:

ad plagas durari,

Quint. 1, 3, 14 (cf. §

12: quae in pravam induruerunt): ad omne facinus durato,

Tac. H. 4, 59.—Of the affections, Vulg. Job, 39, 16.— Pass.:

linguae vitia, inemendabili in posterum pravitate durantur,

to become confirmed, incurable, Quint. 1, 1, 37.—

Neutr., to be hard, stern, callous, insensible (rare and not ante-Aug.):

ut non durat (pater) ultra poenam abdicationis,

Quint. 9, 2, 88:

in nullius umquam suorum necem duravit,

Tac. A. 1, 6; Petr. 105 fin.; cf.:

usque ad caedem ejus duratura filii odia,

Tac. A. 14, 1 fin.